Potentially Hazardous AsteroidNEOPHAAten-groupactive

99942 Apophis (2004 MN4)

MPC designation
99942 Apophis (2004 MN4)
JPL SPK-ID
20099942
JPL SBDB
JPL SBDBPD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Discovered Jun 19, 2004Tholen, D. J.Unknown
AI-narrated summarySnapshot 7f3a · 2026-06-01
99942 Apophis (2004 MN4) is a 340-m Sq-type near-Earth asteroid discovered 19 June 2004 by R. A. Tucker, D. J. Tholen and F. Bernardi at Kitt Peak. Its 13 April 2029 Earth flyby will pass within 38 012 km of the geocenter — closer than geosynchronous orbit and visible to the naked eye from EMEA . NASA's OSIRIS-APEX mission will rendezvous post-encounter3. Goldstone observations in 2021 cleared all impact possibilities through 2100.
Open questionsTumbling spin pole orientationInternal porosity2029 tidal deformation predictions
Physical parameters

What we know about the body

Diameter
340 ± 40m
viaBrozovic et al., Icarus 300, 115-128 (2018)
Brozovic et al., Icarus 300, 115-128 (2018)PD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Rotation period
30.56 ± 0.01h
viaPravec et al., Icarus 233, 48-60 (2014)
Pravec et al., Icarus 233, 48-60 (2014)PD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Absolute magnitude H
19.09
viaPravec et al., Icarus 233, 48-60 (2014)
Pravec et al., Icarus 233, 48-60 (2014)PD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Spectral type
Sq
viaBinzel, R. P. et al. Icarus 200 (2009) 480-485
Binzel, R. P. et al. Icarus 200 (2009) 480-485PD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Geometric albedo
0.35 ± 0.1
viaBrozovic et al., Icarus 300, 115-128 (2018)
Brozovic et al., Icarus 300, 115-128 (2018)PD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Orbit · Heliocentric J2000

Keplerian elements at epoch

Epoch Nov 21, 2025, 12:00 AM UTC·heliocentric ecliptic J2000

a · semi-major axis
0.92238 AUJPL SBDB
JPL SBDBPD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
e · eccentricity
0.19117JPL SBDB
JPL SBDBPD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
i · inclination
3.341°JPL SBDB
JPL SBDBPD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Ω · RAAN
203.9°JPL SBDB
JPL SBDBPD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
ω · arg. of periapsis
126.673°JPL SBDB
JPL SBDBPD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
M · mean anomaly
312.805°JPL SBDB
JPL SBDBPD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
ν · true anomaly
0°JPL SBDB
JPL SBDBPD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
period
323.6 dJPL SBDB
JPL SBDBPD-USG

NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Earth
99942 Apophis relative to Earth orbit2D · projected to ecliptic
Ephemeris · JPL Horizons

Observation planning

99942 Apophis (2004 MN4) — apparent RA/Dec/Mag/Range from chosen observer site, or Cartesian state vectors.

No ephemeris rows. Adjust the window or step, then re-run.
Close approaches

Past and predicted passes

Within ~0.3 AU of Earth · sourced live from JPL CAD (1.5 March 2023)

Next event · in 576 days
Dec 29, 2027
43,923,794 km
Earth · 14.69 km/s
Date (UTC)BodyMiss · kmMiss · AUv · km/sSource
Dec 25, 1996, 03:25 PM
Earth36,301,1620.2426613.06JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Sep 05, 1997, 07:01 AM
Earth38,869,8030.259838.01JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Apr 14, 1998, 07:46 PM
Earth3,648,2580.024396.59JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Dec 21, 2004, 09:25 AM
Earth14,418,8190.096388.23JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Aug 08, 2005, 04:24 PM
Earth40,075,8750.267898.1JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Apr 10, 2006, 11:49 PM
Earth30,341,4140.2028211.93JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Jan 09, 2013, 11:43 AM
Earth14,460,2980.096664.09JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Jul 08, 2013, 07:36 AM
Earth36,398,2710.243316.73JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Oct 12, 2020, 08:38 AM
Earth32,354,4830.216286.27JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Mar 06, 2021, 01:15 AM
Earth16,852,4080.112654.58JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Dec 29, 2027, 02:23 PM
Earth43,923,7940.2936114.69JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Sep 12, 2028, 04:11 AM
Earth38,381,6940.256577.89JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Apr 13, 2029, 09:46 PM
Earth38,0110.000257.42JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Nov 26, 2029, 09:38 PM
Earth44,873,4980.299966.26JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Sep 24, 2037, 07:44 AM
Earth33,381,5560.2231412.37JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Feb 06, 2044, 02:38 PM
Earth41,841,9720.27975.78JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Aug 24, 2044, 07:17 AM
Earth12,012,1810.08033.96JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Apr 20, 2051, 02:05 AM
Earth6,206,8490.041494.69JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Nov 21, 2051, 02:31 AM
Earth43,271,9400.289266.02JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Mar 31, 2058, 11:37 PM
Earth31,973,8480.2137312.14JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Sep 16, 2066, 01:59 AM
Earth10,387,0380.069437.76JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Feb 15, 2073, 06:45 AM
Earth38,632,7640.258245.28JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Jul 27, 2073, 06:10 PM
Earth16,797,9510.112294.57JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
May 09, 2080, 07:59 AM
Earth13,002,0410.086914.2JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Nov 12, 2080, 11:11 AM
Earth40,722,5880.272215.68JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Apr 07, 2087, 12:20 PM
Earth14,326,0960.095768.66JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Sep 24, 2095, 03:16 AM
Earth32,927,0290.220112.27JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Sep 11, 2102, 08:52 PM
Earth3,499,7200.023395.67JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
Apr 12, 2116, 09:44 PM
Earth2,627,0730.017566.39JPL CAD
JPL CADPD-USG

NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
upcoming miss < 100 000 km
Impact monitoring · NASA CNEOS Sentry

Below detection threshold

Cum. IP
0
Palermo
0.00
Torino max
0
ReadingBackground risk class; no virtual impactors above Sentry's tabulation threshold.
Literature

Top 10 cited papers

Cross-referenced ADS + arXiv. Full citation metadata exports below.

  1. 1

    The spin state of asteroid Apophis and a prediction of its change during the 2029 close encounter with Earth

    2026
    J. Durech, D. Vokrouhlicky, P. Pravec, et al. · arXiv preprint
    arXiv
    arXivarXiv-API-ToU

    Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability.

    https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=cat:astro-ph.EP+AND+all:apophis&start=0&max_results=10&sortBy=submittedDate&sortOrder=descending
    retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
    arXiv:2604.24566Read
  2. 2

    Apophis source population and Earth encounter frequency of Apophis-like bodies

    2026
    M. Brož, R. P. Binzel, P. Vernazza, et al. · A&A 708, A162 (2026)
    arXiv
    arXivarXiv-API-ToU

    Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability.

    https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=cat:astro-ph.EP+AND+all:apophis&start=0&max_results=10&sortBy=submittedDate&sortOrder=descending
    retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
    arXiv:2602.19849Read
  3. 3

    Potential series expansion method applied in Analytical Modeling of Gravitational field of Irregularly Shaped Celestial Bodies

    2025
    Marcelo Lisboa Mota, Safwan Aljbaae, Antonio F. B. A. Prado · arXiv preprint
    arXiv
    arXivarXiv-API-ToU

    Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability.

    https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=cat:astro-ph.EP+AND+all:apophis&start=0&max_results=10&sortBy=submittedDate&sortOrder=descending
    retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
    arXiv:2507.19433Read
  4. 4

    Prediction of Apophis's deformation-driven rotational evolution during its closest encounter to the Earth in 2029

    2025
    Masatoshi Hirabayashi · arXiv preprint
    arXiv
    arXivarXiv-API-ToU

    Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability.

    https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=cat:astro-ph.EP+AND+all:apophis&start=0&max_results=10&sortBy=submittedDate&sortOrder=descending
    retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
    arXiv:2507.17710Read
  5. 5

    A Radio Science Experiment for the Ramses Mission to Apophis

    2025
    Riccardo Lasagni Manghi, Marco Zannoni, Edoardo Gramigna, et al. · arXiv preprint
    arXiv
    arXivarXiv-API-ToU

    Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability.

    https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=cat:astro-ph.EP+AND+all:apophis&start=0&max_results=10&sortBy=submittedDate&sortOrder=descending
    retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
    arXiv:2503.19998Read
  6. 6

    On the sensitivity of Apophis' 2029 Earth approach to small asteroid impacts

    2024
    Paul Wiegert · arXiv preprint
    arXiv
    arXivarXiv-API-ToU

    Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability.

    https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=cat:astro-ph.EP+AND+all:apophis&start=0&max_results=10&sortBy=submittedDate&sortOrder=descending
    retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
    arXiv:2409.06059Read
  7. 7

    Comparison of uncertainty propagation techniques in small-body environment

    2024
    Niccolò Michelotti, Antonio Rizza, Carmine Giordano, et al. · arXiv preprint
    arXiv
    arXivarXiv-API-ToU

    Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability.

    https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=cat:astro-ph.EP+AND+all:apophis&start=0&max_results=10&sortBy=submittedDate&sortOrder=descending
    retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
    arXiv:2408.05970Read
  8. 8

    Shaking and Tumbling: Short- and Long-Timescale Mechanisms for Resurfacing of Near-Earth Asteroid Surfaces from Planetary Tides and Predictions for the 2029 Earth Encounter by (99942) Apophis

    2024
    R. -L. Ballouz, H. Agrusa, O. S. Barnouin, et al. · arXiv preprint
    arXiv
    arXivarXiv-API-ToU

    Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability.

    https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=cat:astro-ph.EP+AND+all:apophis&start=0&max_results=10&sortBy=submittedDate&sortOrder=descending
    retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
    arXiv:2406.04864Read
  9. 9

    Encounter circumstances of asteroid 99942 Apophis with the catalogue of known asteroids

    2024
    Paul Wiegert, Ben Hyatt · arXiv preprint
    arXiv
    arXivarXiv-API-ToU

    Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability.

    https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=cat:astro-ph.EP+AND+all:apophis&start=0&max_results=10&sortBy=submittedDate&sortOrder=descending
    retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
    arXiv:2403.00541Read
  10. 10

    Initial Trajectory Assessment of the RAMSES Mission to (99942) Apophis

    2023
    Andrea C. Morelli, Alessandra Mannocchi, Carmine Giordano, et al. · arXiv preprint
    arXiv
    arXivarXiv-API-ToU

    Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability.

    https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=cat:astro-ph.EP+AND+all:apophis&start=0&max_results=10&sortBy=submittedDate&sortOrder=descending
    retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
    arXiv:2309.00435Read
Provenance

Where every value came from

Every cell above is hyperlinked to its primary source. Re-run this card 30 days from now and you’ll get the same numbers — or a diff if the upstream changed.

snapshot e7x6-979a
  • JPL SBDB
    JPL SBDBPD-USG

    NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).

    https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
    retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
    PD-USG
    NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics, Small-Body Database (accessed 2026-06-01).
    https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api?sstr=99942+apophis&phys-par=1&full-prec=1&discovery=1
    2026-06-01 15:07:18 UTC
  • JPL CAD
    JPL CADPD-USG

    NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).

    https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
    retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
    PD-USG
    NASA/JPL CNEOS, Close-Approach Data (accessed 2026-06-01).
    https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/cad.api?des=99942&date-min=1996-06-01&date-max=2126-06-01&dist-max=0.3
    2026-06-01 15:07:18 UTC
  • arXiv
    arXivarXiv-API-ToU

    Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability.

    https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=cat:astro-ph.EP+AND+all:apophis&start=0&max_results=10&sortBy=submittedDate&sortOrder=descending
    retrieved Jun 01, 2026, 03:07 PM UTC
    arXiv-API-ToU
    Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability.
    https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=cat:astro-ph.EP+AND+all:apophis&start=0&max_results=10&sortBy=submittedDate&sortOrder=descending
    2026-06-01 15:07:18 UTC
What MCPOrbital will not do

Explicit non-promises

Saying no to these protects the brand, the safety posture, and your budget. MCPOrbital operates in research, simulation, decision-support, and sandbox modes only.

  • Send a burn command to a real asset
    Live commanding is outside the safety policy. Route through your licensed ops chain.
  • Replace STK / GMAT for flight-grade analysis
    Sandbox sims are first-pass trade studies. High-fidelity stays in licensed tools.
  • Write your dissertation chapter
    We accelerate research; we don’t replace authorship. Briefs are drafts, not submissions.
  • Peer-review a paper
    We cross-check claims against current data. Peer review is human.